例证,对比,类比这三种论证方法,在高中议论文教材及课后“思考与练习”中经常出现。因为它们都是用一个个别事例作论据去论证论点,都具有使抽象的道理具体化的作用;另散见于各处的介绍又多与逻辑学上同名术语相混杂,所以,常常使学生分辨不清,这势必在一定程度上削弱了议论文救学的效果。今以教材为例,从它们各自的构成成分,成分间的关系及其用途等几方面,谈谈我对这三种论证方法的认识。 Illustrations, comparisons, and analogies are the three argument methods that often appear in high school argumentative textbooks and in “thinking and practice” after class. Because they all use an individual case as an argument to argue arguments, they all have the effect of embodying abstract doctrines; the other introductory descriptions are often mixed with the logically identical terms, so that students are often discriminated against Clearly, this will inevitably weaken the effectiveness of the argumentative study to a certain extent. Take textbooks as an example today and talk about my understanding of these three methods of argumentation in terms of their respective constituents, their relationships and their uses.