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目的了解西部农村地区足月低出生体重的影响因素,以便为今后进一步开展干预研究提供科学依据。方法选择2010年11月-2011年10月在西部5个县15家县级医院和8家乡卫生院分娩的足月低出生体重儿母亲作为病例组,对照组按1∶1成组配对,共收集合格研究对象388对。通过填写调查问卷,了解研究对象的一般情况、孕产期保健情况、孕期并发症以及膳食摄入情况等。结果与低出生体重有关的影响因素包括:家庭平均月收入<2 000元、母亲文化程度小学及以下、母亲有早产史、不良产史、母亲本身是低出生体重儿、孕前体重不足、孕期产检≤4次、羊水过少、子痫前期、孕期未补充叶酸,饮食中鱼禽肉、蛋类、牛奶、水果、大豆类及坚果摄入不足等。经多因素分析,家庭平均月收入<2 000元和孕期摄入坚果类每周少于1次是足月低出生体重的危险因素。结论目前我国西部农村地区发生低出生体重的危险因素主要与社会经济状况和孕妇的营养状况有关,应提高基层孕产期保健服务水平,改善妊娠结局。
Objective To understand the influencing factors of full-term low birth weight in western rural areas in order to provide a scientific basis for further intervention research in the future. Methods From November 2010 to October 2011, 15 full-term low birth weight infants and mothers giving birth in 15 county-level hospitals and 8 township hospitals in 5 western counties were selected as the case group and the control group were matched in groups of 1: 1 388 eligible subjects were collected. By filling in the questionnaire to understand the general situation of the study object, maternal and child health conditions, pregnancy complications and dietary intake. Results Low birth weight related factors include: family average monthly income <2,000 yuan, the mother’s educational level of primary and below, the mother has a history of preterm birth, bad birth history, the mother itself is a low birth weight children, pre-pregnancy weight, pregnancy check ≤ 4 times, oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, pregnancy folic acid is not added, the diet of fish and poultry, eggs, milk, fruits, soy and nuts intake inadequate. By multivariate analysis, average monthly family income <2,000 yuan and intake of nuts less than 1 week during pregnancy is a risk factor for term low birth weight. Conclusions At present, the risk factors of low birth weight in rural areas of western China are mainly related to the social and economic conditions and the nutritional status of pregnant women. The level of maternal health care services should be improved and the pregnancy outcome should be improved.