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目的了解灾民对死亡的态度及其安全感的特点,并进一步探索死亡态度与安全感之间的相关关系。方法运用《安全感-不安全感问卷》与《死亡态度描绘量表》对526名被试进行测试。结果①灾民在死亡逃避(t=7.06,P<0.001)、自然接受(t=33.71,P<0.001)、情绪安全感(t=2.236,P<0.05)和自我安全感(t=5.195,P<0.001)上得分显著高于非灾区被试,但在逃离接受(t=-28.89,P<0.01)维度上的得分显著低于非灾区民众灾民;②年龄段在18~25岁与年龄段在46岁以上的灾民在死亡逃避维度上的得分显著低于年龄段在36~45岁的灾民(F=5.14,P<0.01);③受教育程度在大专以上的灾民在死亡逃避维度上的得分显著低于受教育程度在中专、高中、初中文化的灾民(F=17.63,P<0.05);④男性灾民在自我安全感维度上的得分差异高于女性灾民(t=2.80,P<0.01);⑤在情绪安全感维度上,初中文化灾民的得分小于大专以上灾民、中专或高中灾民(F=4.19,P<0.05);⑥情绪安全感与自然接受呈正相关(r=0.238,P<0.01),而与死亡恐惧(r=-0.312,P<0.01)、趋近接受(r=-0.235,P<0.01)、逃离接受(r=-0.305,P<0.01)则呈负相关;人际安全感与死亡逃避(r=0.159,P<0.01)、自然接受(r=0.251,P<0.01)呈正相关,与逃离接受(r=-0.254,P<0.01)呈负相关;自我安全感与自然接受呈正相关(r=0.182,P<0.01),而与死亡恐惧(r=-0.210,P<0.01)、趋近接受(r=-0.151,P<0.05)、逃离接受(r=-0.275,P<0.01)则呈负相关。结论灾区民众的安全感在4年的物质精神援助下已经恢复常态,加强生死教育更有利于安全感的提升。
Objective To understand the characteristics of victims’ attitudes toward death and their sense of security, and to further explore the correlation between death attitude and security. Methods A total of 526 subjects were tested using the “Questionnaire of Security - Insecurity” and “Attitude of Death”. Results (1) The refugees escaped death (t = 7.06, P <0.001) and naturally accepted (t = 33.71, P <0.001) <0.001) were significantly higher than those in non-disaster areas, but the scores on the scale of escape (t = -28.89, P <0.01) were significantly lower than those in non-disaster areas; ②The age ranged from 18 to 25 years The scores of death evasion dimensions of victims over 46 years old were significantly lower than those of aged 36-45 years old (F = 5.14, P <0.01). ③ The victims of college education above the death escape dimension (F = 17.63, P <0.05). (4) The scores of self-security of male victims were higher than that of female victims (t = 2.80, P < 0.01). (5) On the dimension of emotional security, the score of junior middle school culture victims was less than that of victims, secondary school or high school students (F = 4.19, P <0.05) .⑥The emotion security was positively correlated with the natural acceptance (r = 0.238, (R = -0.235, P <0.01), and negative correlation with escape fear (r = -0.312, P <0.01) Interpersonal security and death avoidance (r = 0.159, P <0.01) and the natural acceptance (r = 0.251, P <0.01), but negatively correlated with the escape (r = -0.254, P <0.01) (r = -0.151, P <0.05), and fled to accept (r = -0.275, P <0.01) with the fear of death (r = -0.210, It is negatively correlated. Conclusion The people’s sense of security in disaster-stricken areas has returned to normality with the aid of four years of materialism. Strengthening education for life and death is more conducive to enhancing the sense of security.