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目的对烟台市售蔬菜重金属食用安全性进行评价。方法根据GB5009.12-2010、GB/T5009.15-2003、GB/T 5009.17-2003、GB/T 5009.11-2003分别对烟台市售蔬菜中的铅(plumbum,Pb)、镉(cadmium,Cd)、总汞(total mercury,Hg)、总砷(total arsenic,As)的含量进行检测,采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和目标危害系数法对蔬菜的食用安全性进行评价。结果烟台市蔬菜中Pb、Cd、Hg和As含量平均值依次为0.028、0.0044、0.00036、0.011 mg/kg,均低于蔬菜卫生标准。单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法评价结果表明,蔬菜各元素为清洁水平,各类蔬菜均为安全等级。蔬菜中各重金属的目标危害系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)均值大小为:Pb>Cd>As>Hg,均小于1,单一重金属对人群健康风险不明显。复合健康风险指数从高到低依次为:鳞茎蔬菜、叶菜类蔬菜、茎类蔬菜、甘蓝类/芸薹类、块根和块茎类蔬菜、鲜豆类蔬菜、非葫芦科茄果类蔬菜及瓜菜类(葫芦科)。结论各类市售蔬菜对人群健康风险不大,但是儿童的健康风险要高于成人。
Objective To evaluate the safety of heavy metals in vegetables sold in Yantai City. Methods The contents of plumbum, Pb, cadmium (Cd) in vegetables in Yantai market were determined respectively according to GB5009.12-2010, GB / T5009.15-2003, GB / T 5009.17-2003 and GB / T 5009.11-2003, , Total mercury (Hg) and total arsenic (As) were determined. The food safety of vegetables was evaluated by single factor pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and target hazard coefficient method. Results The average contents of Pb, Cd, Hg and As in vegetables in Yantai City were 0.028,0.0044,0.00036 and 0.011 mg / kg, respectively, which were lower than the standards of vegetable hygiene. The results of single factor pollution index method and comprehensive pollution index method showed that all the elements of vegetables were clean level and all kinds of vegetables were safety grade. The average target hazard quotient (THQ) value of each heavy metal in vegetables is: Pb> Cd> As> Hg, all less than 1. The health risk of a single heavy metal is not obvious to the population. The composite health risk index from high to low were as follows: bulb vegetables, leafy vegetables, stem vegetables, cabbage / brassica, tuberous and tuberous vegetables, fresh legume vegetables, non-cucurbitacide solanum vegetables and melons Vegetables (Cucurbitaceae). Conclusion All kinds of vegetables sold on the market have little risk to the health of the population, but their health risk is higher than that of adults.