目的为全面了解和掌握农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平,客观评价农村环境卫生状况,为政府部门制订农村环境卫生改善规划提供科学依据。方法依照按比例分层(包括经济水平、地理地貌、人口等)随机抽取15个市、24个县(市、区)的480个行政村、2 401户为本次调查对象,采用统一的调查表,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察、实验室检测等方法收集调查数据。结果 24个县(市、区)的480个行政村农村饮用集中式供水人口占31.97%,饮水总体合格率为50.61%。480个村中35.84%的生活垃圾能定点堆放、8.33%统一收集,但仍然有55.83%的农村垃圾随意堆放。生活污水排放中,76.87%的村主要是随意排放,其次是明沟、暗沟、管道排放。71.79%工业企业、81.34%养殖业污水主要是直接排放,严重污染河水和地下水。卫生厕所占26.65%,非卫生厕所占68.90%,无厕所占4.45%。从卫生厕所的使用管理情况看,52.31%的厕所不清洁,66.76%的厕所有臭味,61.93%的厕所有蝇蛆,59.2%的厕所有粪便暴露。480个村中开展灭蝇工作的最多村也仅占12.71%,开展灭蟑工作的村只占4.79%。结论农村环境卫生现状不容乐观,存在各种影响人群身体健康的环境危害因素。 Objective To comprehensively understand and master the level of health hazards in rural environmental health, objectively evaluate the situation of rural environmental health and provide a scientific basis for government departments to formulate rural environmental health improvement plans. Methods 480 administrative villages in 15 cities and 24 counties (cities and districts) were randomly selected according to the scale (including economic level, geography and geography, population, etc.), and 2 401 households were selected as the objects of this survey. A unified survey Table, through access to information, interviews, field observations, laboratory tests and other methods to collect survey data. Results The population of centralized drinking water supply in rural areas of 480 administrative villages in 24 counties (cities and districts) was 31.97%, and the overall pass rate of drinking water was 50.61%. Of the 480 villages, 35.84% of domestic solid waste can be spot-stacked and 8.33% of them uniformly collected, but still 55.83% of rural garbage is still randomly stacked. Of domestic sewage discharge, 76.87% of villages are mainly free to discharge, followed by open ditch, undercut, pipeline emissions. 71.79% of industrial enterprises, 81.34% The sewage from aquaculture is mainly discharged directly, seriously polluting rivers and groundwater. Health toilets account for 26.65%, non-sanitation toilets account for 68.90% and non-toilets account for 4.45%. According to the management of sanitary latrines, 52.31% of the latrines were unclean, 66.76% of the latrines were foul, 61.93% of the latrines were larvae, and 59.2% of the latrines were excreted. In 480 villages, the largest number of villages carrying out flies-killing work accounted for only 12.71% of the total, while the village carrying out cockroach-killing activities accounted for only 4.79% of the total. Conclusion The current situation of rural sanitation is not optimistic, and there are various environmental hazards that affect the health of the population.