适当地观察教学过程中学生和教师表现出来的行为,和学生间、师生间的交互作用,是教材评价的有效手段。这种观察的初步方法是:观察者逐次地记述所发现的特征事实。不过,这种方法是观察者个人作出的记录,起一种备忘录的作用,不能获得客观的得分。因此,最好是采取有计划的方法:预先揭示有助于教材评价的行为(为此,在研究之前有必要反复进行旨在确定观察项目的调查),这些行为在教材授受的哪一个阶段,以何等的频度产生,要尽可能加以观察。为了提高这种观察的 Appropriate observation of the behaviors shown by students and teachers in the teaching process, and interactions between students and teachers and students is an effective means of evaluating teaching materials. The initial method of this observation is: The observer successively describes the discovered feature facts. However, this method is a record made by the observer personally. It acts as a memorandum and cannot obtain an objective score. Therefore, it is advisable to adopt a planned approach: to pre-reveal the behaviors that contribute to the evaluation of the teaching materials (for this purpose, it is necessary to repeat the investigations to determine the observation items before the study), at which stage of the teaching materials the behaviors are It is to be observed with as much frequency as possible. To improve this observation