地震勘探中,一个很重要的方面就是确定所勘探地区中岩石的波速。影响地震波速度的主要因素是:(1)构成岩石基质的成分及它们的弹性常数和密度;(2)岩石的孔隙度;(3)覆盖岩层所产生的自重压力;(4)岩石中孔隙水的作用;(5)地温对岩石的弹性特征的改变;(6)成岩的地质环境。当受到应力、化学或热的影响时,岩石的性能也发生变化;(7)岩石年代等。 One of the most important aspects of seismic exploration is the determination of the wave velocity of rocks in the area under exploration. The main factors affecting the velocity of seismic waves are: (1) the composition of the rock matrix and their elastic constants and their densities; (2) the porosity of the rock; (3) the self-weight pressure generated by the overburden; (4) ; (5) the change of the elastic characteristics of the rock by the geotemperature; and (6) the geological environment of diagenesis. When subjected to stress, chemical or heat effects, the rock properties also change; (7) rock age and so on.