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本文基于过失和举证的理论,提出了船舶碰撞法律中确定过失的三种原则,即实际过失原则(或通常过失原则)、法律推定过失原则和事实推定过失原则。文章对实际过失原则和事实推定过失原则的理论依据合理性、同举证责任的内在联系以及适用的客观情况作了详细的论述,同时分析了法律推定过失的不合理性及其废除。
Based on the theories of negligence and evidence, this paper puts forward three principles of determining negligence in the law of collision of ships, namely, the principle of actual negligence (or the principle of common negligence), the principle of negligence in law of law and the principle of negligence in fact. The article elaborates on the rationality of the theoretical basis of the principle of actual negligence and the principle of factual negligence of the fact, the internal connection with the burden of proof and the objective situation applicable. At the same time, it analyzes the irrationality and abolishment of the legal presumption of negligence.