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启蒙作为本源于西方文明的哲学思潮与社会运动,具有普遍性的精神价值。这一普遍性价值在方法论和伦理学向度上的表征最为明显。这一点在近代中国对于启蒙思想的引进和诠释上表现尤甚。相对于西方文明宗教启蒙作为主要论域,中华传统文化与社会以伦理为中心,内在地要求伦理启蒙作为中国近代启蒙的民族文化特性。虽然近代中国启蒙先行者注意到在方法论和伦理学层面阐扬启蒙的普遍价值,但由于特定历史阶段对富强与主权的强劲要求,作为伦理启蒙的形而上学基础,个体主义被浓墨重彩的爱国主义、民族主义和国家主义涂抹得难以辨认。从地域性和时代性文化中抽离出来的普遍性启蒙精神,被中国人自身文化的地域性和时代性禁闭起来。
Enlightenment, as a philosophical trend and social movement rooted in Western civilization, has universal spiritual value. This universal value is most clearly characterized by methodological and ethical dimensions. This is particularly evident in the introduction and interpretation of enlightenment ideas in modern China. Compared with the religious enlightenment of western civilization as the main discourse, Chinese traditional culture and society center on ethics, and inherently require ethical enlightenment as the national cultural characteristic of enlightenment in modern China. Although modern Chinese enlightenment forerunners noticed the general value of enlightening at the methodology and ethics level, due to the strong demand for prosperity and sovereignty in a given historical period, as the metaphysical foundation of ethical enlightenment, individualism has been enriched by patriotic patriotism, nationalism and Nationalism is illegible. The general spirit of enlightenment drawn from the culture of the region and the times is confined by the regionality and times of the Chinese own culture.