Nonhuman primates are closest to humans in terms of lineage,and middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion responses of nonhuman primates are most similar to ischemic stroke in humans.Therefore,nonhuman primates could be utilized to simulate the process of ischemic stroke in the human.Few studies,however,have reported the use of endovascular technology to establish a rhesus monkey stroke model.In the present study,seven adult,male,rhesus monkeys were selected and,following anesthesia,a microcatheter was inserted into one side of the middle cerebral artery via the femoral artery to block blood flow,thereby resulting in middle cerebral artery occlusion.After 2 hours,the microcatheter was withdrawn to restore the middle cerebral artery blood flow and to establish ischemia/reperfusion.Results from angiography and magnetic resonance angiography confirmed occlusion and reopening of the middle cerebral artery.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the existence of ischemic brain lesions,and neurological examination showed sustained functional deficits following surgery.The rhesus monkey middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion models established by microcatheter embolization had the advantage of non-craniotomy invasion and reproducibility.The scope and degree of ischemic damage using this model was controllable.Therefore,this nonhuman primate model is an ideal model for cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Nonhuman primates are closest to humans in terms of lineage, and middle cerebral artery ischemia / reperfusion responses of nonhuman primates are most similar to ischemic stroke in humans. Before, nonhuman primates could be utilized to simulate the process of ischemic stroke in the human. Few studies, however, have reported the use of endovascular technology to establish a rhesus monkey stroke model. in the present study, seven adult, male, rhesus monkeys were selected and, following following anesthesia, a microcatheter was inserted into one side of the middle cerebral artery via the femoral artery to block blood flow, thereby resulting in middle cerebral artery occlusion. After 2 hours, the microcathe was withdrawn to restore the middle cerebral artery blood flow and to establish ischemia / reperfusion. Results from angiography and magnetic resonance angiography confirmed occlusion and reopening of the middle cerebral artery. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the existence of ischemic brain lesions, and neu rological examination showed sustained functional deficits following surgery. rhesus monkey middle cerebral artery ischemia / reperfusion models established by microcatheter embolization had the advantage of non-craniotomy invasion and reproducibility. Scope and degree of ischemic damage using this model was controllable.Therefore, this nonhuman primate model is an ideal model for cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.