一、前言夏王朝是我国古史上早期的国家之一,夏文化是华夏文明的重要组成部分。可是,有关夏文化及其形成、渊源等问题,至今还是一个聚论不一的学术课题。近几年来,学术界对二里头文化的讨论由于涉及到对夏文化的探讨,各家争鸣异常热烈。有同志认为它是由河南龙山文化的一支发展而来;也有的认为是继承了河南龙山文化又吸收了某些山东龙山文化因素而形成的;还有些起自仰韶文化,河南龙山文化、接二里头文化直 I. Introduction The Xia Dynasty is one of the early countries in ancient China. Xia culture is an important part of the Chinese civilization. However, the summer culture and its formation, origin and other issues, is still a topic of academic debate. In recent years, academic discussion on Erlitou culture has been extremely enthusiastic because of its discussion of Xia culture. Some comrades think it is from the development of a culture of Longshan in Henan Province; some think it inherited the culture of Longshan in Henan Province and absorbed some of the cultural elements of Longshan in Shandong Province; and some from Yangshao Culture, Longshan Culture in Henan Province, Erlitou culture straight