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目的了解食品中高氯酸盐的污染水平和健康风险,为食品中高氯酸盐的标准制定和风险管理提供参考。方法开展上海市市售食品中高氯酸盐风险监测,结合居民食物消费量调查结果,运用概率评估法对食品中高氯酸盐进行暴露评估。结果共监测市售粮食、蔬菜、水果、乳制品、肉类、蛋类、水产品和茶叶等8类食品80件样品,高氯酸盐检出率为78.8%,平均检测值为(13.0±26.4)μg/kg。其中,茶叶中高氯酸盐平均检测值最高,为(59.0±51.9)μg/kg,水果中高氯酸盐平均检测值最低,为(3.4±2.3)μg/kg。以最大健康保护为原则,若食品中高氯酸盐在加工烹调过程中均不损失,则本市普通居民通过上述8类食品的高氯酸盐平均暴露量为每日0.25μg/kg体质量,高消费人群的暴露量(P95)为每日0.44μg/kg体质量,已超过2015年欧洲食品安全局设置的高氯酸盐每日容许摄入量(0.3μg/kg体质量),存在一定的健康风险。结论由于高氯酸盐具有较高的水溶性,其在食品烹调加工中会有一定降解,需要进一步开展实际暴露量研究。
Objective To understand the pollution level and health risk of perchlorate in food and provide a reference for standard setting and risk management of perchlorate in food. Methods To monitor the perchlorate risk in commercial food in Shanghai. Based on the survey result of household food consumption, the probability assessment method was used to assess the perchlorate in food. Results A total of 80 samples of 8 kinds of foods such as grain, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, meat, eggs, aquatic products and tea were marketed. The detection rate of perchlorate was 78.8% and the average value was (13.0 ± 26.4) μg / kg. Among them, the average value of perchlorate in tea was the highest (59.0 ± 51.9) μg / kg, and the average value of perchlorate in fruits was the lowest (3.4 ± 2.3) μg / kg. In the principle of maximum health protection, if perchlorate in food is not lost in the process of cooking and processing, the average perchlorate level of ordinary residents in this city through the above eight categories of food is 0.25 μg / kg of body weight daily, Exposure to high-consumption groups (P95) was 0.44 μg / kg body weight daily, exceeding the daily allowable perchlorate intake (0.3 μg / kg body weight) set by the European Food Safety Authority in 2015, Health risk. Conclusion Because perchlorate has a high water solubility, it may degrade in the processing of food. It is necessary to further study the actual exposure.