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宪政理论起源于西方,美国作为老牌的资本主义国家,其宪政思想和理论也有着广泛存在的土壤。尽管如此,美国的宪政理论和实践还是经历了漫长的发展,也就是说,美国的宪政思想和理论在最初的发展阶段同样是充满暴力和血腥的。曾经有位学者说过:“宪政必流血。”美国的宪政发展史就充满了浓厚的血腥气味。宪政理论最核心的思想就是限制国家权力,保障公民权利。本文将以美国的国家安全立法为讨论视角,因为国家安全立法思想和内容直接决定了其对人权的保护或者干涉的程度,以及国家权力行使的边界问题。
Constitutional theory originated in the West, the United States as a veteran capitalist country, its constitutional thought and theory also have widespread soil. Nevertheless, the constitutional theory and practice in the United States have undergone a long development. That is to say, the constitutional thoughts and theories of the United States were also similarly violent and bloody during the initial stage of development. Some scholars once said: “Constitutionalism will be bloody.” The history of constitutional development in the United States is full of bloody bloody smells. The core idea of constitutionalism is to limit state power and protect citizens’ rights. This article will take the perspective of the US national security legislation as a discussion point of view, because the idea and content of the national security legislation directly determines the extent of its protection or interference with human rights and the boundary issue of the exercise of state power.