目的:从显微方面区别大皂角、山皂角和猪牙皂3种药材。方法:采用粉末制片法和石蜡切片法。结果:大皂角、山皂角和猪牙皂显微特征相近,主要区别在于猪牙皂不含种子,无种皮栅状细胞。山皂角石细胞腔的大小和孔纹细胞的形态与另外2种差异较大。结论:该3种药材的显微特征明显,可为此3种药材提供显微鉴别依据。 OBJECTIVE: To differentiate three kinds of medicinal materials from the perspective of microscopic, such as big saponins, mountain saponins and pig tooth soap. Methods: The powder preparation method and paraffin section method. RESULTS: The microscopic characteristics of saponins, camellia and pork toothpaste were similar. The main difference was that porcine tooth soap had no seed and no psoriasis cells. The size of the cell of the mountain sapphire stone and the morphology of the perforation cells are different from the other two species. Conclusion: The three kinds of medicinal materials have obvious microscopic features, which can provide the basis of micro-identification for the three medicinal materials.