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超高温、大热流、非线性气动热环境试验模拟技术及相应的极端高温环境力学测试技术,是高超声速飞行器防热材料和结构安全设计中事关研制成败的关键技术。本文介绍了自行研制的可实现高至210℃/s的极快非线性升温速率、能够生成高达2MW/m2的瞬态非线性热流密度、实现高达1500℃超高温氧化热环境的石英灯红外辐射式气动热环境试验模拟系统。基于这一性能优越的超高温气动热环境试验模拟系统,发展了如下超高温热环境力学测试技术:1)提出对环境光变化不敏感的主动成像数字图像相关方法,实现了C/SiC复合材料1550℃高温变形的非接触、全场光学测量;2)发展了1400℃超高温热/力联合试验环境下SiC/SiC复合材料结构的断裂特性试验测试技术。本文还简要介绍了高速巡航导弹翼面结构900℃高温热振联合试验,950℃高温非线性热环境下的蜂窝结构隔热性试验等研究内容。本文所发展的超高温气动热环境试验模拟技术和高温热环境力学测试技术,对航天航空领域高超声速飞行器的研制具有重要的军事工程应用价值。
Ultra-high temperature, large heat flow, non-linear aerodynamic thermal simulation test technology and corresponding extreme high temperature environmental mechanics test technology are the key technologies in hypersonic vehicle thermal design and structural safety design. This paper introduces a very fast non-linear heating rate up to 210 ℃ / s developed by ourselves, which can generate transient non-linear heat flux density up to 2MW / m2 and quartz lamp infrared radiation up to 1500 ℃ Pneumatic thermal environment test simulation system. Based on the hyperthermal aerodynamic and thermal environment simulation system with high performance, the following ultra high temperature thermo-mechanical testing techniques have been developed: 1) An active imaging digital image correlation method which is insensitive to the change of ambient light is proposed, and the C / SiC composite material 1550 ℃ high temperature deformation of the non-contact, full field optical measurement; 2) the development of 1400 ℃ ultra-high temperature thermal / force joint test environment SiC / SiC composite structure of the fracture characteristics of the test technology. This paper also briefly introduces the high temperature cruise missile wing structure 900 ℃ high temperature thermal vibration joint test, 950 ℃ high temperature non-linear thermal environment honeycomb structure insulation test research content. The development of hyperthermal aerodynamic and thermal environment simulation technology and high temperature thermal environment mechanical testing technology developed in this paper has important military engineering application value for the development of hypersonic vehicle in aerospace and aerospace field.