一、秦皇岛港实行体制改革的客观环境 按照港口运输市场的发育程度,全国港口可以概括地分为三类。 第一类是濒临港澳的闽粤桂沿海诸港。与其外向型的经济发展模式相适应,港口投资主体的多元化直接造成了港口内部运输市场主体的多元化,具体表现为一市多港、一港多头,已经形成了航道、货源、岸线等港口资源的内部竞争,需要港方行政当局进行全方位的规划、协调,实施港政管理具有管理客体和充分的管理内容。第二类是苏浙沿海、内河及改革后各地新建港口。投资主体多为地方政府,部分吸纳了企业和个人的投资,除国家投资的个别大港外,规模较小,有一定的运输市场,竞争行为且多存在于港口外部和区域内部,港口内部运输市场及其主体还处于发育阶段。但是在港口的宏观布局和岸线规划方面存 I. Objective Environment of Qinhuangdao Port System Reform According to the development of the port transport market, the national ports can be broadly divided into three categories. The first category is on the verge of Hong Kong and Macao coast of Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang. In line with its export-oriented economic development mode, the diversification of the port’s investment entities has directly resulted in the diversification of the main transport market entities within the ports. The concrete manifestation is that there are many ports in Hong Kong and one long port in Hong Kong, which have formed channels, sources and shorelines. The internal competition of the port resources requires the Hong Kong-based administration to carry out all-round planning, coordination and implementation of the management of the administration of the harbor with the objective of management and adequate management. The second category is Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal, inland and new ports around the reform. Most of the investors are local governments, partly absorbing the investment from enterprises and individuals. In addition to the individual ports of investment invested by the state, the small-scale and certain transportation markets and competitions exist mostly outside the port and within the region. The internal transport market in the port And its main body is still in the developmental stage. However, there are macro-layout and shoreline planning at the port