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本文仅报导近几年来为欧洲空间局研制的第一代光学姿态测量敏感器,如地球敏感器、太阳敏感器、星敏感器等。这些敏感器精度不一,适用于各种轨道上的自旋或三轴稳定卫星(见表1)。地平穿越指示器(H. C. I) 其实验型已在1972年ESRO-Ⅳ卫星上飞行成功。它的工作波段为14-16.25微米,笔束型视场为3×3度。它检测地球和空间之间的辐射率梯度,笔束型视场垂直于卫星自旋轴,通过锗透镜和滤光片聚焦在锗浸没热敏电阻辐射热计上。这个敏感器连续飞行了6800圈地球轨道,检测地平穿越所达到的角精度
This article reports only the first generation of optical attitude measurement sensors developed by the European Space Agency in recent years, such as earth sensors, solar sensors, and star sensors. These sensors vary in precision and are suitable for spin or tri-axis stable satellites in various orbits (see Table 1). The ground crossing indicator (H. C. I) its experimental type has been successfully flown in 1972 on the ESRO-IV satellite. Its working band is 14-16.25 microns, pen beam type field of view is 3 × 3 degrees. It detects the emissivity gradient between the Earth and space. The Pencil-shaped field of view is perpendicular to the satellite spin axis and focuses on the Ge immersion thermistor bolometer through a germanium lens and filter. The sensor flew 6800 orbits of Earth’s orbit continuously to detect the angular accuracy