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癌症是人类第二大致死的疾病。将体外细胞模型获得的癌症研究结果向临床转化过程中,动物活体实验是必不可少的一个环节。现在的肿瘤活体实验绝大部分采用啮齿类实验动物如小鼠和大鼠,这是因为它们具有个体小、繁殖迅速、遗传背景清楚、转基因技术成熟等优势。但是啮齿类和人的亲缘关系比较远,许多从啮齿类动物模型获得的研究结果不能在人体重现。非人灵长类动物在遗传进化、免疫、生理和代谢等诸多方面与人类高度近似,理论上更加适合癌症研究。本文对现有的非人灵长类肿瘤研究做一综述,主要集中介绍用化学和生物致癌剂在不同的非人灵长类动物诱导肿瘤的研究,为将来用非人灵长类动物研究人类癌症奠定基础。
Cancer is the second most lethal human disease. Animal experiments in vivo are an essential part of the clinical study of cancer outcomes obtained from in vitro cell models. At present, most of the tumor in vivo experiments use rodents, such as mice and rats, because of their advantages of small individuals, rapid propagation, clear genetic background and mature transgenic technologies. However, rodents and humans are far away from each other, and many findings obtained from rodent models can not be reproduced in the human body. Non-human primates are highly similar to humans in many aspects such as genetic evolution, immunity, physiology and metabolism, and are theoretically more suitable for cancer research. In this review, we summarize the current research on non-human primates tumors, mainly focusing on the research of inducing tumors in different non-human primates with chemical and biological carcinogens. In the future, Cancer laid the foundation.