农村中小学布局结构调整是农村学龄人口减少、税费改革和农村城镇化背景下的现实选择,也是提高教育资源利用率、追求教育公平、规范教育管理和提高教育质量的有效途径。尽管布局调整势在必行,但在调整过程中仍面临着诸多困难,如家长不理解、村民不支持和投入严重不足。政府应成为解决这些困难的主渠道。 The structural adjustment of rural primary and secondary schools is a realistic choice in the context of the reduction of rural school age population, taxation and fee reform, and rural urbanization. It is also an effective way to increase the utilization of educational resources, pursue education equity, standardize education management, and improve the quality of education. Although the adjustment of the layout is imperative, it still faces many difficulties in the adjustment process, such as parents do not understand, the villagers do not support and the investment is seriously inadequate. The government should be the main channel for solving these difficulties.