目的探讨白血病的染色体核型异常及其与临床的关系。方法采用24 h短期培养法制备骨髓细胞染色体,以R显带技术进行染色体核型分析。结果约81.48%的白血病患者存在克隆性染色体异常,部分白血病染色体特异性改变与WHO分型及临床治疗密切相关。结论染色体核型分析是白血病诊断的重要依据,也是预后判断和随访监测的一项重要指标。 Objective To investigate the chromosomal abnormalities in leukemia and their clinical significance. Methods Chromosomes of bone marrow cells were prepared by 24 h short-term culture method. Chromosome karyotype analysis was performed by R-banding technique. Results About 81.48% of leukemia patients had clonal chromosome abnormalities. The chromosome-specific changes of some leukemias were closely related to WHO classification and clinical treatment. Conclusion Chromosome karyotype analysis is an important basis for the diagnosis of leukemia and prognostic judgment and follow-up monitoring of an important indicator.