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目的 探讨我国“神舟”五号和“神舟”六号航天员医疗保障的特点及其救护对策,为野战及灾害 等特殊环境中的医学应急救援提供参考。方法 回顾国内外有关载人航天航天员已经发生的意外伤害资料, 结合“神舟”四号的卫勤保障及“神舟”五号、“神舟”六号航天员的医疗保障经验,针对特殊野外环境,提出系列 的组织、预案、设备配置以及有效的救治方案,并在实战中加以检验。结果 针对航天员可能发生意外伤害的 医疗救护,创新地把两个高质量的重症监护治疗病房(ICU)前移至两架航天医疗救护直升机上,把可以进行 各种抢救和手术的仪器设备设计在航天员运输车上。这3个可快速机动的ICU,可以全天候地在草原上、沙漠 里大范围机动,确保意外情况下航天员的安全。创造了反应速度第一和技术装备第一。航天员意外伤害的医 疗救护方案科学、合理、实用,适合野战环境。结论 航天员主着陆场区医疗救护的方案、设备配置、营救模式 以及组织实施,为野战及灾害等特殊环境中的医学应急救援提供了较为先进的模式。
Objective To explore the characteristics of medical security for “Shenzhou” 5 and “Shenzhou” astronauts in China and their ambulances, and provide references for medical emergency rescue in special environments such as disasters and disasters. Methods Based on the data of accidental injuries at home and abroad about the manned spacecraft astronauts, combined with the medical support of “Shenzhou IV” and the medical insurance experience of “Shenzhou” No.5 and Shenzhou 6 astronauts, , Proposed a series of organizations, plans, equipment configuration and effective treatment programs, and to be tested in actual combat. Results As a result of accidental injury medical astronauts, two high-quality intensive care unit (ICU) hospitals were innovatively moved to two space medical ambulance helicopters to provide a variety of rescue and surgical instrumentation designs On the astronaut van. The three fast-moving ICUs can maneuver extensively in the desert on prairies, ensuring the safety of astronauts in unexpected situations. Created the first reaction speed and technical equipment. Astronaut accidental medical rescue program is scientific, rational and practical, suitable for the field environment. Conclusion The scheme, equipment configuration, rescue mode and organization and implementation of the medical ambulance for the astronauts landing area provide a more advanced model for medical emergency rescue in special environments such as field operations and disasters.