19世纪60年代到90年代,中国兴起了洋务运动,它以自强、求富、制内、御侮为目的,对当时及以后都产生了深远的影响。然而,史学界对其评价却是褒贬不一,尤其是在制内、御侮两方面,学术界大多认为是真制内假御侮。事实上,从当时统治阶级思想、办洋务运动的目的以及洋务运动所起到的作用等方面分析,洋务运动有很强的御侮性,并在某些时候还占据着主要地位。 From the 1860s to the 1990s, the rise of the Westernization Movement in China, which aimed at self-reliance, seeking wealth, preemptive and imperialist insult, had a profound and far-reaching impact both at the time and in the future. However, historians have mixed reviews on them, especially in the fields of internal control and imperial examination. Most of the academic circles consider this as a real impeachment. In fact, from the perspectives of the ruling class ideology, the purpose of running the Westernization Movement and the role played by the Westernization Movement, the Westernization Movement has a strong resistance to humiliation and at other times occupies a major position.