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为了探讨核辐射对小麦异源遗传物质转移的作用和机理,以普通小麦中国春、J-11为母本,分别用5、9、15、30、50、100 G y的γ射线辐照黑麦AR 202散粉期穗子,并将其花粉授予普通小麦J-11和中国春,研究了不同剂量γ射线辐照黑麦花粉对杂交结实率及杂种幼胚、胚乳发育的影响。结果表明,低剂量(5~9 G y)γ射线下结实率略有提高;15~100 G y剂量时结实率随剂量增加逐渐下降。各种处理剂量的辐射对杂种幼胚和胚乳发育均有伤害作用,杂交种子含胚率、杂种幼胚成苗率随剂量增加而下降。对于J-11/AR 202组合而言,对照杂种含胚率100%,剂量5~9 G y处理时,降至96.5%~90.2%,剂量15~100 G y时,为84.3%~69.7%;对照幼胚培养成苗率93.3%,5~100 G y处理时,为90.0%~24.6%。在50~100 G y高剂量处理中国春×AR 202中,利用幼胚培养技术有5.9%~8.8%幼胚获发育成完整植株,这是常规靠种子繁殖难以获得的。说明将花粉辐照技术与幼胚拯救、花药培养技术有效结合,可能是快速获得突变体,提高诱变育种效率的有效途径。
In order to investigate the effect and mechanism of nuclear radiation on the transfer of heterologous genetic material in wheat, the wheat was irradiated with gamma rays of 5, 9, 15, 30, 50, 100 G y The effects of different doses of γ-ray irradiated rye pollen on the seed setting rate and hybrid embryo and endosperm development were studied. The results showed that the seed setting rate increased slightly under the low dose (5 ~ 9 Gy) of γ rays; the seed setting rate decreased gradually with the increase of dose at the dose of 15 ~ 100 Gy. Radiation at various treatment doses harmed the development of hybrid embryos and endosperm. The embryo rate of hybrid seeds and the seedling rate of hybrid embryos decreased with the dose increasing. For the J-11 / AR 202 combination, the control hybrid embryos rate was reduced to 96.5% to 90.2% at 100% embryos and 84.3% to 69.7% at doses of 15 to 100 Gy, The seedling rate of the control immature embryos was 93.3%, which was 90.0% -24.6% when treated with 5-100 Gy. In the 50-100 Gy high-dose Chinese Spring × AR 202, 5.9% -8.8% immature embryos were developed into immature embryos using immature embryo culture, which is difficult to obtain by conventional breeding. The results showed that the effective combination of pollen irradiation technology and immature embryo rescue and anther culture technology could be an effective way to obtain mutants rapidly and improve the mutation breeding efficiency.