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目的了解上海市某社区学龄前儿童伤害趋势和特征,为评价基于社区的伤害预防及干预效果提供依据。方法通过对上海某社区9所幼儿园的全部幼儿家长进行问卷调查,了解2011,2014和2016年学龄前儿童伤害发生情况,分析伤害趋势及特征。结果 2011,2014和2016年总体伤害发生率分别为12.4%,8.6%,7.4%,呈下降趋势,其中男童伤害发生率分别为14.4%,9.1%,6.2%,亦呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=29.280,P<0.05);女童伤害发生率分别为10.6%,8.1%,8.8%,差异无统计学意义(χ_(趋势)~2=1.703,P>0.05)。与2011年相比,2014年和2016年总体伤害风险降低[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.603(0.471~0.772),0.556(0.430~0.710)],男童伤害风险也降低[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.517(0.368~0.726),0.380(0.261~0.554)],女童伤害风险的差异无统计学意义。男童和女童受伤时间排名前2位的均为下午和晚上,女童下午伤害发生率逐年增加,分别为2.18%,2.41%和2.92%;受伤地点均以家中为首位,男童家中发生率分别为5.17%,3.16%,2.09%,女童分别为2.45%,3.01%,3.40%;受伤时活动均以基本日常活动为主;受伤类型排名前2位的均为跌伤和撞击伤。结论基于社区的伤害预防和干预措施有效降低了学龄前儿童伤害发生率,但伤害发生趋势和伤害特征存在性别差异。应加强对监护人的安全教育和学龄前女童的伤害干预。
Objective To understand the trend and characteristics of pre-school children’s injuries in a community in Shanghai, and to provide basis for evaluating community-based injury prevention and intervention effects. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among all parents of kindergarten in 9 kindergartens in a community in Shanghai to find out the incidence of harm to preschool children in 2011, 2014 and 2016, and to analyze the trends and characteristics of their injuries. Results The overall incidence of injuries in 2011, 2014 and 2016 were 12.4%, 8.6% and 7.4%, respectively, with a decreasing trend. The incidence of injury among boys was 14.4%, 9.1% and 6.2% respectively, and also showed a decreasing trend (χ_ ( Trend) ~ 2 = 29.280, P <0.05). The incidence of injury among girls was 10.6%, 8.1% and 8.8% respectively, with no significant difference (χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 1.703, P> 0.05). Compared with 2011, the overall risk of injury decreased in 2014 and 2016 (OR: 95% CI: 0.603 (0.471-0.772) and 0.556 (0.430-0.710), respectively) 95% CI) were 0.517 (0.368-0.726) and 0.380 (0.261-0.554) respectively. There was no significant difference in the risk of injury among girls. In the afternoon and evening, the top two injuries to boys and girls were both in the afternoon and in the evening. The incidence rate of girls’ injuries in the afternoon increased by 2.18%, 2.41% and 2.92% respectively. The incidence of injuries at home was the highest in the family and that in boys Were 5.17%, 3.16% and 2.09% respectively. Girls were 2.45%, 3.01% and 3.40% respectively. Most of the activities at the time of injury were based on basic daily activities. The top two injuries were both fall injuries and impact injuries. Conclusion Community-based injury prevention and intervention effectively reduce the incidence of pre-school children’s injuries, but there are gender differences in the incidence and injury characteristics of injuries. Security education for guardians and injury intervention for preschool girls should be strengthened.