目的研究辐射诱发的ＣＨＬ细胞遗传不稳定性在基因、染色体及细胞水平上的传递及表达情况。方法不同剂量一次照射ＣＨＬ细胞，于不同时间点分析受照存活细胞的ＨＧＰＲＴ位点突变、微核及细胞凋亡。结果ＣＨＬ细胞照射３Ｇｙ后５３天，其后代仍表达出显著升高的ＨＧＰＲＴ位点突变率。细胞照射３Ｇｙ后６小时的双核细胞微核率达（４１５１±３６１）％，３天后下降为（１４４７±２３９）％，５６天后为（１０５１±０８７）％，显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）；而受照细胞子代双核率无显著变化，接种效率明显降低（３Ｇｙ剂量以上Ｐ＜００１）。细胞受照射３、４、６、９、１０Ｇｙ后，第２天细胞凋亡率达最大值，１０Ｇｙ剂量组为（２４９０±６７２）％，之后各剂量组细胞凋亡率迅速下降，但直到照射后１２天细胞凋亡率仍维持在１０％左右，显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。结论辐射诱发的细胞基因组不稳定性可以表现在基因、染色体及细胞等不同水平上，推测在其产生和传递过程中可能伴随着某些基因的改变。 Objective To study the transmission and expression of genetic instability of CHL cells induced by radiation at the gene, chromosome and cellular level. Methods The CHL cells were irradiated with different doses at one time. The HGPRT site mutation, micronucleus and apoptosis were analyzed at different time points. Results The mutation rate of HGPRT site was significantly increased in CHL cells 53 days after 3GY irradiation. The rate of micronuclei of binucleated cells reached 41.41 ± 3.61% at 6 hours after 3Gy irradiation, decreased to (14.47 ± 2.39)% after 3 days and (1051 ± 0.87) after 56 days )%, Which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <001). However, there was no significant change in the dual-nucleus rate of irradiated cells and the vaccination efficiency was significantly decreased (P <001 above 3Gy dose). After the cells were irradiated for 3, 4, 6, 9 and 10 Gy, the apoptosis rate reached the maximum on the 2nd day, and the rate of apoptosis in the 10 Gy dose group was 2490 ± 672% , But the apoptosis rate remained at about 10% 12 days after irradiation, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <001). Conclusion Radiation-induced cell genome instability can be expressed at different levels of genes, chromosomes and cells, suggesting that some genes may be involved in the generation and transmission of radiation.