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针对云南省通海县过度施用氮肥、氮磷钾比例不协调、有机肥施用不足的现状,在田间布置了两季作物的有机无机配施及减氮试验,以研究不同施肥配比在烤烟-蔬菜轮作情况下对土壤质量指标及作物产量的影响。结果表明:在过量施氮的肥沃土壤上,施肥处理对土壤养分的动态变化趋势没有明显影响;在农户习惯施氮量的基础上减氮20%能够提高作物产量和品质;单施无机氮肥,会造成土壤pH、有机质明显下降,施用量越大,土壤酸化越严重,土壤阳离子交换量也有不同程度下降;单施有机肥,土壤质量改善明显,但对作物养分供应不及时,造成产量较低;减氮的同时配合有机肥的施用,在改善作物品质,提高作物产量方面均有较好表现,同时对土壤质量改善有明显效果。
Aiming at the situation of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in Tonghai County of Yunnan Province, the uncoordinated proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and insufficient application of organic manure, the organic and inorganic compounding and nitrogen-reducing experiment of two-season crops were arranged in the field to study the effects of different fertilization ratios on flue- Effect of rotation on soil quality index and crop yield. The results showed that fertilization had no significant effect on the dynamic changes of soil nutrients in fertile soil over-fertilized with nitrogen; 20% nitrogen reduction could increase crop yield and quality on the basis of farmers’ habit of applying nitrogen fertilizer; The soil pH and organic matter decreased significantly. The larger the application rate, the more serious soil acidification, the lower the cation exchange capacity of soil. The improvement of soil quality was obvious with single application of organic manure, but the supply of crop nutrients was not timely, resulting in lower yields The application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic manure has better performance in improving crop quality and increasing crop yield, and has obvious effect on soil quality improvement.