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The reactions of gas-phase anthracene and suspended anthracene particles with O3 and O3-NO were conducted in a 200-L reaction chamber,respectively.The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formations from gas-phase reactions of anthracene with O3 and O3-NO were observed.Meanwhile,the size distributions and mass concentrations of SOA were monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) during the formation processes.The rapid exponential growths of SOA reveal that the atmospheric lifetimes of gas-phase anthracene towards O3 and O3-NO are less than 20.5 and 4.34 hr,respectively.The particulate oxidation products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were analyzed with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUVATOFMS).Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analyses of oxidation products of anthracene were carried out for assigning the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra of products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.Anthrone,anthraquinone,9,10-dihydroxyanthracene,and 1,9,10-trihydroxyanthracene were the ozonation products of anthracene,while anthrone,anthraquinone,9-nitroanthracene,and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone were the main products of anthracene with O3-NO.