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船舶与桥梁碰撞的灾难事故日益增多,对任何桥墩都应设计得能够抵抗船舶的碰撞。本文对无保护桥墩的设计规定,建议采用统一的安全系数。是依据采用与桥位、几何形体、航道特性和预期的船舶通行特征等有关的参数因素的一种危险性的估算模式,选择适当的“设计船舶”。建议用于估算由“设计船舶”撞击桥墩的响应,是基于大量调查研究及简化步骤得来。它考虑了两类因素:关于船舶的各种因素(大小尺寸、排水量、强度、冲击特性和速度)与受冲击桥墩的各种因素(几何形体、质量和变形特性)。利用这一步骤,绘制成设计图表,建议了当前静荷载(作为选定的“设计船舶”和考虑的墩位处水深的函数)的设计图表。为了验算桥墩局部和其整体的强度,还推荐了均布面荷载。最后提出了一些试图减少碰撞危险和减轻其后果的建议。
Ship and bridge collision disaster increasing, for any piers should be designed to resist the collision of ships. In this paper, the design rules for unprotected piers are proposed, and a uniform safety factor is recommended. The proper “design of the vessel” is based on a risk estimation model that takes into account the parameter factors associated with the bridge position, geometry, channel characteristics and intended vessel travel characteristics. The proposed method for estimating the response of a “design vessel” to a pier is based on extensive investigation and simplification. It considers two types of factors: various factors (geometry, mass and deformation characteristics) about the ship’s various factors (size, displacement, strength, impact characteristics and speed) and the impact pier. Using this step, draw a design chart that suggests the design of the current static load (as a function of selected “design vessel” and considered depth of water at the pier). In order to check the strength of the local and overall piers, uniform surface loads are also recommended. Finally, some suggestions were made to reduce the risk of collisions and mitigate their consequences.