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亚历山大·恰科夫斯基著有五卷的长篇《围困》(1968—1975),写第二次世界大战中列宁格勒一役,视野宏大,发掘深入,读来可歌可泣。继《围困》之后,作者又以浑厚的笔力创作了政治小说《胜利》(共三卷,1979—1982),同样取材于第二次世界大战,却是写风云诡谲的国际政治斗争。我们从下面选译的段落可以看到,原子弹在四十年代中期一出现,便成了国际阶级斗争中的一个砝码。了解这段历史,有助于认识今天的世界。与史料比较一下不难知道,作者据史实写小说,大关节上不作虚构,但在历史人物的性格塑造上,却着意点染,务求丰满而有血肉。象丘吉尔和杜鲁门,同是顽固的反共政客,个性却迥然不同,透过他们的艺术形象又反映出衰败的英国贵族和崛起的美国垄断财团的精神世界。特别值得重视的,是斯大林艺术形象的塑造。作者没有直接刻画心理,而是写外形,写事件,尤其爱用对比衬托之法,或者以其他人物的眼光迂回出之,较为真实全面地表现出了斯大林作为无产阶级政治领袖的品格和胸怀。这在近年来的苏联文学中,是难能可贵的。
Alexander Chaikovsky’s five-volume long “Siege” (1968-1975), written in battle of Leningrad in World War II, has a vast field of vision, deepening exploration and epic songs. Following the “siege”, the author created the political triumph (three volumes, 1979-1982) with great creativeness. It also draws on the second world war, but it is a stubborn international political struggle. As we can see from the paragraphs to be translated below, the emergence of the atomic bomb in the mid-1940s has become a weight in the international class struggle. Understanding this history helps to understand today’s world. Compared with historical data, it is not hard to know. According to the historical facts, the author writes fiction without making any fiction on the big knuckles. However, on the characterization of historical figures, he deliberately dyed the dots to make it full and fleshy. Like Churchill and Truman, they are stubborn anti-communist politicians with very different personalities. Through their artistic image, they reflect the spiritual world of the declining British aristocracy and the rising monopoly consort of the United States. Of particular note is the shaping of Stalin’s artistic image. Instead of direct portrayal of psychology, the author writes the appearance and the writing events, and especially loves to use the law of contrast or detour out of the eyes of other people to present the character and mindset of Stalin as proletarian political leader more truly and comprehensively. This is remarkable in Soviet literature in recent years.