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涨渡湖湿地渔业进行人力的利用起始于1952年,渔业生产主要是以人工投放、天然生长为主,鱼类资源自然增殖为辅的粗放型管理模式。1992~2004年每年平均投放大规格鲢、鳙鱼种量为279 014.8 kg,平均捕捞量为755 439 kg,平均捕捞收入为3 329 143.52元,产量变幅范围为36 691~506 135 kg,其中有9个年份变幅在100 000kg以上。涨渡湖湿地渔业利用存在产权与经营权分离、沉水植物急剧消退、菱角资源未加合理利用、灌江纳苗与分洪调蓄不能协调等方面问题。从常规鱼类放养型渔业、名优鱼类精养型渔业以及综合型渔业方面对涨渡湖湿地生态渔业可持续发展生产模式进行了相关探讨,提出了建立江湖联系机制的4点建议;并在优化生产模式、合理利用资源、调整产业结构、促进经济发展、严格控制污染、搞好综合治理、加强宣传管理、促进湿地恢复等方面提出了针对涨渡湖湿地的一系列保护对策。
The use of human resources in the Zhangduhu wetland fishery started in 1952. The fishery production is mainly a extensive management mode that is mainly composed of artificial feeding and natural growth, supplemented by the natural proliferation of fish resources. Large size silver carp was put on average every year from 1992 to 2004. The species of mullet was 279 014.8 kg, the average catch was 755 439 kg, the average fishing income was 3 329 143.52 yuan, and the yield range was 36 691 ~ 506 135 kg In nine years, the amplitude is above 100 000 kg. The fishery utilization in Zhangdu Lake wetland has the following problems: separation of property rights and management rights, subsidence of submerged macrophytes, unreasonable utilization of water chestnut resources and non-coordination of irrigation and storage of floodwaters. This paper discusses the sustainable development mode of ecological fishery in the Yadu Lake wetland from the aspects of the conventional fish stocking fishery, the famous fish intensive fishery and the integrated fishery, and puts forward four suggestions to establish the linking mechanism of the rivers and lakes. Put forward a series of protection countermeasures for the Zhangduhu wetland by optimizing the production mode, using the resources reasonably, adjusting the industrial structure, promoting the economic development, strictly controlling the pollution, improving the integrated management, strengthening the publicity management and promoting the wetland restoration.