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4-二甲氨基苯酚(4-DMAP)、对氨基苯丙酮盐酸盐(PAPP·HCl)和亚硝酸钠(NaNO_2)以及依地酸二钴(Co_2-EDTA)均系有效的抗氰药物,前三者系MHb形成剂,能使HbO_2变成MHb。若要形成30～35％MHb,其给兔静注剂量分别为15mg/kg、35mg/kg和55mg/kg。根据成形MHb的能力和速度比较,其作用为4-DMAP>PAPP·HCl>NaNO_2。Co_2-EDTA能与CN~-直接结合形成无毒络合物,不具有形成MHb的能力。 观察家兔急性实验2小时结果表明,四种药物对肝功无明显影响,1-DMAP和PAPP·HCl对肾功能也无明显作用。4-DMAP能降低血液乳酸含量,对血气影响短暂,血液氧分压(PO_2)一般在30分钟即恢复正常。给兔静注NaNO_2110mg/kg后30分钟,血清尿素氮高达正常值的204％;静注Co~(2-)EDTA40mg/kg后90分钟,则为正常值的171％,二者对肾功能均有影响。对血清K~+浓度的影响,以NaNO_2最为明显,55mg/kg组和110mg/kg组分别为正常值的2.5和4.6倍,随剂量的增加而增加,同时增高的时间明显提前,从30分钟缩短为2分钟; Co_2-EDTA对K~+也有不同程度的上升。对血气的影,NaNO_2和PAPP·HCl二者基本相同,能使血Po_2快速下降,但恢复缓慢。
4-DMAP, PAPP · HCl and NaNO_2 as well as Co_2-EDTA are effective anti-cyanide drugs, The first three are MHb-forming agents that make HbO 2 MHb. For 30-35% MHb formation, intravenous doses of 15 mg / kg, 35 mg / kg and 55 mg / kg were given to rabbits. According to the capacity and speed of forming MHb, its role is 4-DMAP> PAPP · HCl> NaNO_2. Co_2-EDTA can bind directly with CN ~ - to form a non-toxic complex and does not have the ability to form MHb. Observed rabbit acute experimental 2 hours results show that four drugs had no significant effect on liver function, 1-DMAP and PAPP · HCl on renal function also had no significant effect. 4-DMAP can reduce the blood lactic acid content, short-term impact on blood gas, blood oxygen partial pressure (PO_2) usually returned to normal in 30 minutes. Serum urea nitrogen was as high as 204% of the normal value 30 minutes after NaNO_2110mg / kg was intravenously injected into rabbits; 171% of the normal value was 90 minutes after intravenous injection of Co ~ (2-) EDTA40mg / kg, influential. The effect of NaNO_2 on the concentration of serum K + was the most obvious. The levels of serum K + were significantly increased at 2.5 and 4.6 times of normal in the groups of 55mg / kg and 110mg / kg, respectively. Shortened to 2 minutes; Co 2-EDTA on K ~ + also have different degrees of increase. The blood gas, NaNO_2 and PAPP · HCl are basically the same, can make the blood Po_2 decreased rapidly, but the recovery is slow.