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玉米大斑病菌属于异宗配合真菌,在自然界中存在A、a交配型菌株和Aa两性交配型菌株,为明确两性菌株的出现频率及其对有性生殖的影响,采用有性态诱导和交配型PCR鉴定的方法,对2011—2014年采集的野生菌株及室内诱导产生的有性杂交后代F1、F2代进行交配型组成鉴定,通过检测两性菌株子囊壳和子囊孢子的发育情况明确其有性生殖能力,结合RT-PCR技术对有性生殖过程中MAT1和MAT2基因的表达情况进行分析。结果表明,野生菌株和有性杂交后代中均存在两性交配型菌株,且出现频率相当,介于2.09%和6.25%之间;Aa两性菌株的育性与杂交时对应菌株的交配型组成相关,两性菌株与A交配型菌株或a交配型菌株杂交均可育,能产生成熟的子囊壳和子囊孢子,但其自交时败育,只产生子囊壳,不产生子囊孢子。两性菌株Aa自交和两性菌株Aa与A交配型或与a交配型菌株杂交时,Aa菌株中MAT1和MAT2基因表达量无明显差异,推测MAT基因在有性生殖产生子囊壳的过程中发挥了重要作用。
In order to clarify the frequency of emergence of amphoteric strains and their effects on sexual reproduction, Aphis gossypii was heterotrophic with fungi. A and a mating type strains and Aa amphoteric mating type strains were found in nature. PCR method was used to identify the mating type F1 and F2 generation of the wild strains collected from 2011 to 2014 and sexual intercourse induced by indoors. The genotypes of the ascospores and ascospores of the amphoteric strains were determined by the method of mating type identification. Reproductive capacity, combined with RT-PCR technology during sexual reproduction MAT1 and MAT2 gene expression analysis. The results showed that there were bisexual mating strains in both wild and sexual hybrids with frequency of 2.09% and 6.25%, respectively. The fertility of Aa amphoteric strains was related to the mating type of hybrid strains. Azoospermia strains and A mating type or a mating type of cross-hybrid strains are fertile, can produce mature ascus and ascospores, but its selfing when abortion, only produce ascus shell, does not produce ascospores. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of MAT1 and MAT2 in the Aa strains when the amphipathic strains Aa and Aa were mating with the A or with the mating type A. It was speculated that the MAT gene played a role in the sexual reproduction of the capsid Important role.