法兰克福学派以来的西方马克思主义偏离经典马克思主义的一个重要方面,在于前者不再相信无产阶级能够担当解放人类的集体力量,转而强调知识分子和边缘社会群体的作用。西方马克思主义者关于资本主义社会的分析与批判,也更多地着重意识与文化方面。然而,J.K.吉布森—格雷汉姆的《资本主义的终结》却独辟蹊径,似乎要回归政治经济学。这一回归不是真的要回归传统的政治经济学,事实上,作者所要批判的不是现实中的资本主义,而是左派话语理论中关于资本主义的描述。作者企图通过这种话语层面上的批判,最终解构人们心目中资本主义的强大形象,从而为局部的、多样化的社会改造奠定理论基础。从这一点来看,《资本主义的终结》一书并没有告别重视文化批判的西方马克思主义传统,而是试图借后结构主义的话语理论从语言的角度重塑马克思主义的政治经济学批判。 An important aspect of western Marxism deviating from classical Marxism since the Frankfurt School lies in the fact that the former no longer believes that the proletariat can serve as a collective force for liberating mankind and instead emphasizes the role of intellectuals and marginalized social groups. Western Marxist analysis and criticism of capitalist society also focuses more on consciousness and culture. However, J.K. Gibson-Graham’s “End of Capitalism” is inventive and seems to return to political economy. This return is not really to return to the traditional political economy. In fact, what the author wants to criticize is not realistic capitalism but the description of capitalism in the theory of leftist discourse. The author attempts to finally deconstruct the powerful image of capitalism in people’s mind through this discourse level of criticism and lay the theoretical foundation for the local and diversified social transformation. From this point of view, the book “The End of Capitalism” did not say good bye to the Western Marxist tradition that emphasized cultural criticism. Instead, it attempted to reshape the Marxist critique of political economy from a linguistic perspective by using post-structuralism discourse theory.