目的分析儿童急性下呼吸道感染(Acute low er respiratory infection,ALRTI)病毒病原学特点。方法我院自2009年1月至2012年1月收治的ALRTI患儿共1045例。采用逆转录(RT)-PCR方法检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、鼻病毒(RV)、甲型流感病毒(IFA)、乙型流感病毒(IFB)、副流感病毒(PIV)1～4型、偏肺病毒(hMPV)、腺病毒(AdV)、冠状病毒(HCoV)、肠道病毒(EV)、博卡病毒(HBoV)。分析各病毒检出情况,病毒感染与年龄的关系,以及病毒感染与季节的关系。结果①儿童下呼吸道感染病毒检出以RSV(29.38%),RV(18.56%),PIV(8.32%),IFB(8.04%),HBoV(8.04%),AdV(7.08%),EV(4.59%),HCoV(1.15%),hMPV(0.77%),IFA(0.48%)。②病毒感染阳性率6月至1岁(95.05%),1-3岁(84.14%),>5岁(76.71%),3-5岁(74.75%),0-6月(70.26%)。病毒感染与年龄的关系具有统计学上的显著性意义(P<0.005)。③冬季97.19%,春季(88.78%),夏季(84.4%),秋季(66.67%)。季节病毒阳性感染率具有统计学上的显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论病毒病原检测在儿童急性下呼吸道感染中占有重要位置,RSV,RV为主要病毒病原,在6月至1岁年龄发检出率最高,冬季检出率最高。 Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics of children with acute low respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) virus. Methods A total of 1045 children with ALRTI admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to January 2012 were enrolled in this study. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), influenza A virus (IFA), influenza B virus (IFB), parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1 ~ 4 , Metapneumovirus (hMPV), adenovirus (AdV), coronavirus (HCoV), enterovirus (EV), Bocavirus (HBoV). Analysis of the detection of the virus, the relationship between virus infection and age, and the relationship between virus infection and the season. Results (1) The detection rate of RSV (29.38%), RV (18.56%), PIV (8.32%), IFB (8.04%), HBoV (8.04%), AdV ), HCoV (1.15%), hMPV (0.77%), IFA (0.48%). ② The positive rates of virus infection were 6 months to 1 year old (95.05%), 1-3 years old (84.14%),> 5 years old (76.71%), 3-5 years old (74.75%) and 0-6 months (70.26%). The relationship between viral infection and age was statistically significant (P <0.005). ③ 97.19% in winter, spring (88.78%), summer (84.4%), autumn (66.67%). The positive rate of seasonal virus infection was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion The detection of viral pathogens plays an important role in the acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. RSV and RV are the major viral pathogens, with the highest detection rate in the range of 6 months to 1 year old and the highest detection rate in winter.