蒽环类药物作为细胞周期非特异性细胞毒性药物，是治疗儿童白血病最有效的药物，但其对心脏有严重的不良反应，影响患儿以后的生活质量及无病生存率，甚至部分患儿在急性白血病临床治愈后仍会出现心脏毒性，故其在临床应用中受到限制。该文从蒽环类药物心脏损害的临床分型、发生机制、病理生理、监控及预防措施和治疗等方面进行综述，以指导临床用药。“,”The anthracycline as a cell cycle non-specific cytotoxic drug is the most effective drug for leu-kemia in children,but it has severe adverse effect on heart,which influences the life quality and disease free survival of the patients,even some patients may still suffer cardiotoxicity after the cure of acute leukemia, so its application in clinical is restricted .Here is to make a review of the recent developments in the clinical types,pathogenesis, pathophysiology, monitoring methods, preventive measures and treatments of anthracy-cline-induced cardiotoxicity,in order to guide the clinical medication.