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目前,一般认为空气中飘尘的毒性作用主要取决于粒子的大小。例如,吸入硫酸锌铵气溶胶所致肺通气障碍,微粒直径在1.4～0.29微米的范围内,随粒子直径的减小而增加。同样,二氧化锰的粗粒粉尘可被耐受多年而无不良反应,但其微粒烟尘(80%的粒子直径小于0.2微米)则能引起肺炎。最近的研究表明,一些具有潜在毒性的微量物质,包括:铅、镉、锑、硒、镍、钒、锌、钴、溴、锰、硫酸盐和苯并芘,主要存在于能沉着于肺的城市大气气溶胶
At present, the toxic effect of fly ash in the air is generally believed to depend mainly on the size of the particles. For example, inhalation of aerosols of ammonium sulfate caused pulmonary dysfunction, particle diameter in the range of 1.4 to 0.29 microns, with the particle diameter decreases. Likewise, coarse dusts of manganese dioxide can be tolerated for many years without adverse reactions, but their particulate dust (80% particle diameter less than 0.2 microns) can cause pneumonia. Recent studies have shown that some of the potentially toxic trace substances, including lead, cadmium, antimony, selenium, nickel, vanadium, zinc, cobalt, bromine, manganese, sulphate and benzopyrene, Urban atmospheric aerosol