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【目的】探讨先天性近视儿童的屈光参数变化规律及与近视度数的相关性。【方法】收集3～10岁屈光度为－2．0～－14．5D，平均（－7．3±2．9）D的先天性近视儿童40例73只眼。按照近视等效球镜度数（SE）分为四组：－2．0～－3．0D、－3．25～－6．0D、－6．25～－9．0D、－9．25～－14．5D分别为低度（4眼）、中度（20眼）、高度（36眼）、超高度近视（13眼）组。睫状肌麻痹后用 A超测量前房深度（ACD ）、晶体厚度（LT）和眼轴长度（AL）；角膜曲率计测量角膜前表面曲率（AC）。【结果】患儿 ACD、LT、AL 和 AC分别为（2．60±0．52）mm、（4．21±0．44）mm、（25．28±1．22） mm、（44．22±1．36）D。SE与AL呈正相关；AL与SE、ACD呈正相关，与L T、AC呈负相关。散光度数（AD ）、ACD 和 L T 四组之间相比较差异无显著性（ P ＞0．05）；SE、AC和AL在四组之间比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05），近视度数越大，眼轴越长。随近视度数的增大，四组的 LT／AL和ACD＋ LT／AL变小，AL／CR变大（ P ＜ 0．05），AC和 LT 与 AL 比值呈反向变化。LT／AL ，ACD＋LT／AL与近视度数呈负相关（ P ＜0．05），AL／CR与近视度数呈正相关。【结论】先天性近视儿童，眼球提前发育，眼轴延长，近视度数主要取决于眼轴长度。各组患者的 AC和 AL存在明显差异；AC、LT与AL的比值变化趋势不同，各屈光因素在先天性近视儿童的发育过程中起一定补偿作用。“,”[Objective] To retrospectively analyze the change patterns of refractive parameters for congeni‐tal myopic children and examine its correlation with myopic diopter .[Methods] A total of 40 (73 eyes) pa‐tients aged 3-10 years with a mean refractive power of -7 .3 ± 2 .9 diopter were examined .Four groups were assigned according to myopic spherical equivalent (SE):low myopic group (-2 .0D~ -3 .0D ,4 eyes) ,mod‐erate myopic group (-3 .25D~ -6 .0D ,20 eyes) ,high myopic group (-6 .25~ -9 .0D ,36 eyes) and super‐high myopic group (-9 .25D~ -14 .0D ,13 eyes) .The parameters of anterior chamber depth (ACD) ,lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL) were measured with A‐scan ultrasonography under cycloplegic .And an‐terior corneal curvature (AC) and radius of curvature (CR) were measured with keratometer .[Results] The results of ACD ,LT ,AL and AC were 2 .60 ± 0 .52 mm ,4 .21 ± 0 .44 mm ,25 .28 ± 1 .22 mm and 44 .22 ± 1 .36 D respectively .SE had an inverse correlation with AL .And AL showed a positive correlation with SE and ACD ,but a negative correlation with LT and AC .No significant differences existed in astigmatism diopter (AD) ,ACD or LT ( P >0 .05) ,but significant differences existed in SE ,AC and AL between four groups ( P <0 .05) .The higher SE ,the longer AL .With rising SE ,LT/AL and (ACD+LT)/AL declined while AL/CR increased ( P<0 .05) .The ratios of AL/AC and LT/AL changed conversely .LT/AL ,(ACD+LT)/AL and myopic diopter were negatively correlated ( P <0 .05) .And AL/CR and myopic diopter were positively correlated ( P<0 .05) .[Conclusion] The eyeball of congenital myopic children grows prematurely and AL ex‐tends .And myopic diopter is mainly dependent upon axial length .AC and AL are significantly different for each group .The ratio trends of AL/AC and LT/AL are different .The refractive parameters play some com‐pensatory roles during development in congenital myopic children .