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词类活用的修辞效果问题,是目前尚无人深入探讨和专文论及的问题。本文从四个方面阐述了词类活用的修辞效果,希望能引起汉语语法、修辞学界的重视。陈望道先生指出:修辞“大体可分为广狭两义:(甲)狭义,以为修当作修饰解,辞当作文辞解,修辞就是修饰文辞;(乙)广义,以为修当作调整或适用解,辞当作语辞解,修辞就是调整或适用语辞。”(陈望道《修辞学发凡》)又说:“凡是成功的修辞,必然能够适合内容复杂的题旨,内容复杂的情境,极尽语言文字的可能性,使人觉得无可移易,至少说写者自己以为无可移易。”(同上)可见,修辞是一种在特定语境中选用恰当的语言形式来表达主观思想感情,以求达到最佳表达效果的积极活动。据此,我们认为:词类活用既是语法现象,又是修辞现象。
The rhetorical effect of part-of-speech utilization is a problem that no one has yet discussed in depth and discussed in the essay. This article elaborates the rhetorical effect of the use of parts of speech in four aspects, hoping to give rise to the importance of Chinese grammar and rhetoric. Chen Wangdao pointed out: rhetoric “can be broadly divided into two meanings: (a) Narrow sense, that repair as a solution solution, rhetoric as a rhetoric, rhetoric is to modify the diction; (b) broad sense, that repair as an adjustment or application Solution, rhetoric as rhetoric, rhetoric is to adjust or apply language. ”(Chen Wangdao“ Rhetoric Fanfan ”) added:“ Any successful rhetoric, must be able to adapt to the complex content of the subject, the content of complex situations, extreme The possibility of doing verbal writing makes one feel immovable, at least to the point that the writer himself feels immovable. ”(Ibid.) Shows that rhetoric is the expression of subjective ideological feelings in the appropriate context in a given context, In order to achieve the best expression of the positive activity. Based on this, we think that the use of part of speech is both a grammatical phenomenon and a rhetorical phenomenon.