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自由组合定律研究的是两对或两对以上等位基因控制的相对性状的遗传规律,其中每对都符合基因的分离定律。当两对相对性状的纯合子杂交,F1为双杂合子,F1自交,产生F2,F2有9种基因型,4种表现型,且表现型之比为9:3:3:1。但在某些情况下会出现例外,如出现9:3:4,13:3:1,9:7,13:3等比例。虽然表现型之比不同,但是都符合自由组合定律。
The law of free combination studies the genetic law of the relative traits controlled by two or more pairs of alleles, each of which conforms to the law of segregation of genes. When two pairs of homozygotes with relative traits were crossed, F1 was double heterozygous and F1 selfed to produce F2 and F2 with 9 genotypes and 4 phenotypes, and the phenotype ratio was 9: 3: 3: 1. However, in some cases there will be exceptions such as 9: 3: 4, 13: 3: 1, 9: 7, 13: 3 ratio. Although the ratio of phenotypes is different, they all fit the law of free combination.