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一、抗酸菌的分类和非典型抗酸菌结核杆菌属于抗酸菌属,抗酸菌属内的菌种被国际承认的有40余种,这与1957年发行的Bergey手册中记载的14种相比,抗酸菌分类学的进步给人以深刻的印象。抗酸菌属中除人结核杆菌等若干菌种外,总称为非典型抗酸菌(atypical mycobacteria,简称AM)。AM这个名称是把多种抗酸菌总括起来的通称。AM中当然也包括尚未报道的使人感染疾病的病原菌。最近通过流行病学观察,以前认为是非病原菌引起人感染性疾病的报道逐渐增加。目前,在日本的重要抗酸菌有10余种,从病原菌的发病率来看,当然人结核杆菌是最重要的菌种。鸟结核杆菌组(Mavium complex),包括鸟结核杆菌(Mavium)和胞内杆菌(Mintracellulare),两者占非典型抗酸菌病(以下简称AM病)病原菌的70%左右,剩下的大部分病原菌为堪萨斯杆菌(Mkansa-
First, the classification of acid-fast bacilli and atypical acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis belongs to acid-fast bacterium, and there are more than 40 kinds of bacteria in the acid-fast bacterium being recognized in the world. This is in accordance with the record of Bergey manual issued in 1957 In contrast, advances in acid-fast bacteriological taxonomy are impressive. Acid bacteria in addition to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and several other species, collectively referred to as atypical mycobacteria (atypical mycobacteria, referred to as AM). The name AM is a generic term for a variety of acid-fast bacteria. Of course, AM also includes pathogenic bacteria that have not yet been reported to cause human infection. Recent epidemiological observations, previously considered non-pathogenic bacteria caused by infectious diseases gradually increased. At present, there are more than 10 kinds of important acid-fast bacteria in Japan. From the incidence of pathogenic bacteria, of course, human Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most important species. The Mavium complex, including Mavium and Mintracellulare, account for about 70% of the pathogens of the atypical acid-fast bacilli (hereinafter referred to as AM disease) and most of the remaining The pathogen is Kkansa-