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寨卡病毒与黄热病毒、登革热病毒、日本脑炎病毒、西尼罗病毒等都属于蚊媒传播的黄病毒属病毒。寨卡病毒分离于1947年,但由于分布区域有限,所致寨卡热症状较轻,很长一段时间并没有引起太多的关注。最近一些年,特别是2015年后,巴西的寨卡疫情暴发及其与新生儿小头畸形的关联,引起了全球越来越多的关注。疫苗是应对寨卡疫情的重要手段,目前全球有30余个机构在进行寨卡病毒疫苗的研发。本文综述了寨卡病毒的生物学、流行病学、临床特征以及当前不同类型寨卡病毒疫苗研发现状,同时对其他几种黄病毒属病毒批准和临床阶段疫苗情况进行了概述,以为相关研究人员提供参考。
Zika virus and yellow fever virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus and so on belong to mosquito-borne flavivirus. Zika virus was isolated in 1947, but due to the limited distribution area, Zika virus symptoms were mild and did not attract much attention for a long time. In recent years, especially after 2015, the outbreak of Zika in Brazil and its association with the newborn microcephaly have drawn more and more attention globally. Vaccine is an important means to deal with Zika epidemic, there are more than 30 agencies around the world in the development of Zika virus vaccine. This article reviews the biological, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Zika virus as well as the status quo of the development of different types of Zika virus vaccines. At the same time, several other approved and clinical vaccine cases of flavivirus were summarized, for reference.