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恢复系数在力学中是一个重要的物理量。按定义,牛顿碰撞公式中的恢复系数是某材料做成的两个球发生碰撞时,碰后的“分离速度”与碰前的“接近速度”之比值。恢复系数的测量需要速度的测量,而速度的准确测量一般比较困难。在物理实验中,常常将直接物理量的测量转变为间接物理量的测量,从而达到实验的目的和效果。恢复系数是反映碰撞时物体变形恢复能力的参数,它只与碰撞物体的材料有关。其定义为碰撞前后两物体接触点的法向相对分离速度与法向相对接近速度之比。两物体碰撞后的分离速度与碰撞前的接近速度成正比,这个比值叫做恢复系数。
The coefficient of restitution is an important physical quantity in mechanics. By definition, the recovery factor in a Newton’s collision formula is the ratio of the “separating speed” after the collision and the “approaching speed” before the collision between two balls made of a certain material. The measurement of the recovery factor requires the measurement of speed, and the accurate measurement of speed is generally more difficult. In physical experiments, the measurement of direct physical quantities is often transformed into the measurement of indirect physical quantities, so as to achieve the purpose and effect of experiments. The recovery factor is a parameter that reflects the ability of an object to recover from deformation during a collision. It is only related to the material of the collision object. It is defined as the ratio of the normal relative separation speed of the contact points of the two objects before and after the collision to the normal relative speed. The separation speed of the two objects after the collision is proportional to the approaching speed before the collision, and the ratio is called the recovery coefficient.