Ⅳ型胶原酶作为基质金属蛋白酶家族成员之一，可降解基底膜的主要结构成分-Ⅳ型胶原，在血管平滑肌细胞穿过细胞外基质从中膜向内膜迁移过程中起重要作用。本文介绍Ⅳ型胶原酶的结构、生理功能、基因表达和活性调节，通过分析生长因子和细胞因子对该酶基因转录的影响，探讨血管内膜损伤引发细胞外基质结构重建的分子机制，并讨论该酶在动脉粥样硬化和血管再狭窄发生中的意义。 As a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family, type IV collagenase can degrade type IV collagen, the main structural component of the basement membrane, and play an important role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from the medial to the intima through the extracellular matrix. This article describes the structural, physiological, gene expression and activity regulation of type Ⅳ collagenase. By analyzing the effect of growth factors and cytokines on the transcription of this enzyme gene, we explore the molecular mechanism of vascular endothelial cell injury inducing extracellular matrix remodeling. The significance of this enzyme in the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis.