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铁缺乏是世界上最常见、覆盖率最高的营养缺乏症之一,目前,用于评价个体铁储存和利用状况的检测手段和生物学指标很多,而基于人群的评估仍面临着很多的困难和挑战,而对人群的铁缺乏状况进行准确的评估对于降低人群缺铁和贫血患病率有着重要的意义。本文综述了目前国内外公共卫生研究中所采用的各种评估人群铁缺乏状况的策略和手段,主要包括使用人群膳食铁摄入量进行评估、使用单一的血液学或生物学指标进行评估、联合使用多个生物学指标进行评估、利用不同人群血红蛋白的分布进行评估和利用血红蛋白对铁剂干预的应答来确定铁缺乏人群等,这些方法各有优势和局限性,因此,对于不同经济发展水平和医疗卫生条件的地区和人群以及不同的研究目标或调查目的,应有针对性的选择不同的评估策略和手段,为公共卫生决策提供可靠依据。
Iron deficiency is one of the most common and highest coverage nutritional deficiencies in the world. Currently, there are many detection methods and biological indicators for evaluating the status of iron storage and utilization in the individual population, and population-based assessment still faces many difficulties and Challenge, and an accurate assessment of the iron deficiency in the population is of great importance in reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia in the population. This review summarizes the current strategies and tools used in public health research both at home and abroad to evaluate the iron deficiency in the population, including the use of dietary iron intake in the population, assessment using a single hematology or biological indicator, and joint The use of multiple biological indicators to assess the use of hemoglobin distribution in different groups to assess and use of hemoglobin in response to iron intervention to determine the iron-deficient population, these methods have their own advantages and limitations, therefore, for different levels of economic development and The regions and crowds of medical and health conditions as well as different research objectives or investigation purposes should be targeted to select different evaluation strategies and means to provide a reliable basis for public health decision-making.