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议论文写作是近年来高考英语书面表达命题的一个热点,综观各省市的考题情况,我们发现议论文的写作主要涉及以下三种类型。为方便同学们模仿,我们将这三种类型归纳成三种模块。
模块一:正反选择型
这类题目通常是给出正反两种不同的观点,并附上相应的原因,要求考生根据所给观点进行分析,然后选择其中的一种观点——如在公交车上遇见老人是让座还是不让座,同学有困难是帮助还是不帮助,遇见歹徒是出手还是不出手,拾到钱包是交给失主还是不交给失主,等等。同学们在做这类题时,首先要对供选择的观点进行综合阐述,然后再发表自己的看法(注意你在作文中只能支持积极正面的观点,绝对不能支持消极负面的观点,其中的原因不用说大家也很清楚)。
【例题】假定你是一名高二学生,你们班组织了一次班级讨论会,讨论的是报纸上的一则新闻。报纸称,一位学生因为在路上看到歹徒抢劫奋勇而出,结果被歹徒刺伤了。同学们纷纷发言,意见不一,有的说应该见义勇为,有的说歹徒太凶狠,还是袖手旁观的好。请根据下面要点提示,结合自己的观点写一篇议论文,词数100左右。
【分析】根据表格内容可知,中学生出国留学有优点也有缺点——优点就是表格中支持者的观点,缺点就是表格中反对者的观点。你是应该站在支持者一边?还是应该站在反对者的一边?这对做好本题并不重要,重要的是你如何在兼顾两种观点的同时使你自己的观点自圆其说,并让人读后觉得你“说得有道理”。
【范文】
On Overseas Study
As the table shows, a majority of students and parents support overseas study. On the contrary, few students and parents are opposed to overseas study. In my opinion, students can go abroad to study as long as the students and parents have considered their own conditions before going abroad.
At first, it is true that many middle school students are not mature and they lack independence. However, a strange environment without parent’s accompany offers an opportunity for them to challenge themselves and learn to be independent.
In my opinion, as for high costs, wealthy families have no difficulty in affording them. As for those poor families, they needn’t send their children to go abroad to study aimlessly like rich families.
三、观点阐述型
这类题目通常没有供选择的观点,而是要考生根据自己的理解进行临场发挥。在阐述自己的观点时,注意不要面面俱到,只要围绕所给主题,选择几个主要的方面阐述清楚就可以了。
【例题】你的同学李文在上次英语考试中不及格,她很难过,向你请教如何提高英语成绩。请你就如何提高英语成绩写一篇100词左右的议论文。
【分析】提高英语成绩的方法很多,作者只需根据自己的理解和对方的实际情况,在100词范围之内阐述几种主要的方法就可以了。
【范文】
How to Learn English Well
Li Wen failed in the English exam last time, so she was very sad. She came to me for help and asked me how to improve her English.
I think that the most important thing is to increase her interest in English. As we all know, interest is the best teacher for one’s study. When one has great interest in English, he can learn it at his own will with a light heart.
Furthermore, she should use different ways to study English. For example, she can listen to English songs to enjoy music and learn new words at the same time. And she can also listen to the radio or watch movies to improve her listening ability.
Besides, she should do enough exercises and review what she has learned. As the famous saying goes,“Look back to the old, if you would learn the new.”
附:写议论文可能用到的常用句型归纳
1. 引言段可能用到的句型:
Nowadays more and more people... 如今越来越多的人……
...plays an important part in... ……在……方面扮演重要角色。
like everything else,...has both advantages and disadvantages. 与每样事物一样,……有优点也有缺点。
Generally, the favorable aspects / advantages can be listed as follows. 总的来说,优点如下所示。
2. 主体段可能用到的句型:
Firstly...Secondly...第一,……第二,……
In addition / What’s more...其次 / 还有
Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects / disadvantages / bad points are also apparent / obvious. 硬币有两面,缺点也是显而易见的。
To begin with 开始
To make matters worse 更糟糕的是
Worst of all 最糟糕的是
3. 结论段可能用到的句型:
Through above analysis... 通过上面的分析,……
All things / everything considered, we can see that / we can come to a conclusion that the positive aspects / advantages outweigh the negative ones / disadvantages, Therefore... 综合来看,我们总结出优点多于缺点,因此……
(编辑 周贞雄)
模块一:正反选择型
这类题目通常是给出正反两种不同的观点,并附上相应的原因,要求考生根据所给观点进行分析,然后选择其中的一种观点——如在公交车上遇见老人是让座还是不让座,同学有困难是帮助还是不帮助,遇见歹徒是出手还是不出手,拾到钱包是交给失主还是不交给失主,等等。同学们在做这类题时,首先要对供选择的观点进行综合阐述,然后再发表自己的看法(注意你在作文中只能支持积极正面的观点,绝对不能支持消极负面的观点,其中的原因不用说大家也很清楚)。
【例题】假定你是一名高二学生,你们班组织了一次班级讨论会,讨论的是报纸上的一则新闻。报纸称,一位学生因为在路上看到歹徒抢劫奋勇而出,结果被歹徒刺伤了。同学们纷纷发言,意见不一,有的说应该见义勇为,有的说歹徒太凶狠,还是袖手旁观的好。请根据下面要点提示,结合自己的观点写一篇议论文,词数100左右。
【分析】根据表格内容可知,中学生出国留学有优点也有缺点——优点就是表格中支持者的观点,缺点就是表格中反对者的观点。你是应该站在支持者一边?还是应该站在反对者的一边?这对做好本题并不重要,重要的是你如何在兼顾两种观点的同时使你自己的观点自圆其说,并让人读后觉得你“说得有道理”。
【范文】
On Overseas Study
As the table shows, a majority of students and parents support overseas study. On the contrary, few students and parents are opposed to overseas study. In my opinion, students can go abroad to study as long as the students and parents have considered their own conditions before going abroad.
At first, it is true that many middle school students are not mature and they lack independence. However, a strange environment without parent’s accompany offers an opportunity for them to challenge themselves and learn to be independent.
In my opinion, as for high costs, wealthy families have no difficulty in affording them. As for those poor families, they needn’t send their children to go abroad to study aimlessly like rich families.
三、观点阐述型
这类题目通常没有供选择的观点,而是要考生根据自己的理解进行临场发挥。在阐述自己的观点时,注意不要面面俱到,只要围绕所给主题,选择几个主要的方面阐述清楚就可以了。
【例题】你的同学李文在上次英语考试中不及格,她很难过,向你请教如何提高英语成绩。请你就如何提高英语成绩写一篇100词左右的议论文。
【分析】提高英语成绩的方法很多,作者只需根据自己的理解和对方的实际情况,在100词范围之内阐述几种主要的方法就可以了。
【范文】
How to Learn English Well
Li Wen failed in the English exam last time, so she was very sad. She came to me for help and asked me how to improve her English.
I think that the most important thing is to increase her interest in English. As we all know, interest is the best teacher for one’s study. When one has great interest in English, he can learn it at his own will with a light heart.
Furthermore, she should use different ways to study English. For example, she can listen to English songs to enjoy music and learn new words at the same time. And she can also listen to the radio or watch movies to improve her listening ability.
Besides, she should do enough exercises and review what she has learned. As the famous saying goes,“Look back to the old, if you would learn the new.”
附:写议论文可能用到的常用句型归纳
1. 引言段可能用到的句型:
Nowadays more and more people... 如今越来越多的人……
...plays an important part in... ……在……方面扮演重要角色。
like everything else,...has both advantages and disadvantages. 与每样事物一样,……有优点也有缺点。
Generally, the favorable aspects / advantages can be listed as follows. 总的来说,优点如下所示。
2. 主体段可能用到的句型:
Firstly...Secondly...第一,……第二,……
In addition / What’s more...其次 / 还有
Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects / disadvantages / bad points are also apparent / obvious. 硬币有两面,缺点也是显而易见的。
To begin with 开始
To make matters worse 更糟糕的是
Worst of all 最糟糕的是
3. 结论段可能用到的句型:
Through above analysis... 通过上面的分析,……
All things / everything considered, we can see that / we can come to a conclusion that the positive aspects / advantages outweigh the negative ones / disadvantages, Therefore... 综合来看,我们总结出优点多于缺点,因此……
(编辑 周贞雄)