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预期违约规则,指的是在合同一方的义务履行期尚未届满之时,发生该方有可能无法实际履行合同义务的可能性,法律对这种情况作出的一系列规则安排。当然,这是一个很粗糙的提法,预期违约规则的具体而精确的定义需要在各个具体的法律制度下来考察,不同的法律往往对权利义务有不同的安排。但是,全球贸易的发展对规则统一性提出越来越迫切的要求,制度差异造成的成本正在变得不堪重负。《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(以下简称《公约》)中的第71和72条是统一国际上预期违约规则的一种重要努力,同时这两条也是两大法系各国制度之间博弈和妥协的一种成果。与此同时,1999年10月1日开始实施的我国《合同法》,也在中国的合同立法史上第一次相对明确而完整的设立了预期违约规则,起草过程中几易其稿,参考各国
Expected default rules, refers to the contract when the performance of the obligation has not expired, the occurrence of the parties may not be able to actually fulfill the contractual obligations of the possibility of the law made a series of rules and regulations on this situation. Of course, this is a very rough formulation. It is expected that the specific and precise definition of default rules needs to be examined under various specific legal systems. Different laws often have different arrangements for rights and obligations. However, the development of global trade has put increasingly pressing demands on the uniformity of the rules. The cost caused by the system differences is becoming overwhelmed. Articles 71 and 72 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”) are an important endeavor to unify the international rules on the expected breach of contract and they are also the game and compromise between the systems of the two major legal systems A result. Meanwhile, the Contract Law of our country, which came into force on October 1, 1999, set the expected breach of contract rules relatively clearly and completely for the first time in the history of China’s contract legislation. During the drafting process,