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一、引言19世纪后半期英国著名的现实主义作家托马斯·哈代(1840—1928)的传世佳作《苔丝》(1891)自问世以来,一直受到国内外批评家全方位、多角度的研究,研究焦点多集中在小说的悲剧主题、宗教观念、女性主义解读和艺术特色等方面。这一现象充分证明了该作品“经典”文本的地位和魅力,也为后人继续从多层次、多视角阐释文本提供了可能。生态批评是近几年刚刚崛起的一种文学批评理论。它于20世纪90年代初始于美国并逐步向世界各国扩展。谢里尔·格洛特费尔蒂认为:“生态
I. INTRODUCTION Since the advent of Tess (1891), a well-known masterpiece by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), a famous British realist writer in the late 19th century, has been subject to all-round and multi-angle researches and studies by critics both at home and abroad The focus is mostly on the theme of the novel’s tragedies, religious concepts, feminist interpretation and artistic features. This phenomenon fully proves the status and charm of this work ”Classic “ text, and also provides the possibility for future generations to continue to interpret the text from multiple perspectives and perspectives. Ecocriticism is a theory of literary criticism that has just risen in recent years. It started in the United States in the early 1990s and gradually expanded to all countries in the world. Cheryl Grottefelti says: ”Ecology