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microRNA是一类长约19~25 nt,能在转录后水平负性调节靶mRNA表达的小分子非编码单链RNA。它们广泛存在于真核生物体内,参与生物体发育过程中细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等多种生理病理途径的调控。microRNA与肿瘤相关基因表达的调控密切相关,直接或间接影响肿瘤细胞的增殖与凋亡过程。
MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs about 19-25 nt that negatively regulate the expression of a target mRNA at the post-transcriptional level. They are widely present in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of various pathophysiological pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis during the development of the organism. MicroRNAs are closely related to the regulation of tumor-related gene expression, and directly or indirectly affect tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis.