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为降低冬季低温冷害对小麦的不利影响,于2015—2016年,采用田间试验,调查了对照(低温灾害频发地区农户的栽培措施)、预防、补救3个处理小麦的产量及其构成因素、土壤紧实度和呼吸速率、小麦叶片光合速率。结果显示,预防和补救处理均较对照显著提高了小麦穗数和籽粒产量,穗数增幅分别为129.27%和96.98%,产量增幅分别为266.56%和130.58%。预防处理小麦穗数和籽粒产量分别较补救处理显著提高16.39%和58.97%。拔节期和收获期0~20 cm土层土壤紧实度以及后期小麦旗叶光合速率均表现为预防处理>补救处理>对照。土壤呼吸速率表现为预防处理>对照>补救处理,预防处理较对照显著增加11.71%。说明预防处理、补救处理均有一定减灾效果,且预防处理效果优于补救处理。
In order to reduce the adverse impact of winter chilling injury on wheat, field trials were conducted in 2015-2016 to investigate the control measures (cultivation measures of farmers in areas with low temperature disasters), the yield and its components of three treatments for prevention and remedy, Soil compaction and respiration rate, photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves. The results showed that both the prevention and the remediation treatments significantly increased the number of ears and the grain yield of wheat compared with the control. The increment of spikes was 129.27% and 96.98% respectively, and the increment of yield was 266.56% and 130.58% respectively. Preventive treatment of wheat spike number and grain yield were significantly improved by 16.39% and 58.97% than remedial treatment. Soil compaction at 0-20 cm soil depth at jointing stage and harvesting stage and photosynthetic rate of wheat flag leaf at late jointing stage all showed preventive treatment> remedial treatment> control. The soil respiration rate showed prevention treatment> control> recovery treatment, and the prevention treatment increased significantly by 11.71% compared with the control. This shows that both preventive treatment and remedial treatment have a certain disaster reduction effect, and the preventive treatment is better than remedial treatment.