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[答]毒素分两种,即内毒素和外毒素。内毒素是存在于细菌体上,是细菌本身的结构成份;细菌在生活状态时,不释放出来,只有当细菌死亡后,菌体自溶或裂解后释放,如伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌和脑膜炎双球菌等都是这样产生的内毒素。内毒素中的类脂A能引起发热反应,并引起代谢紊乱、血管舒缩功能障碍、播散性血管内凝血以及内毒素性或感染性休克。外毒素是一些致病性强的细菌,在生长繁殖时向体外分泌出来的一种蛋白质,其分子量大,毒性强烈,但不耐热,加热100℃、经过10～20min就能彻底破坏其毒性。如肉毒杆菌产生的外毒素结晶制品1mg、可毒死2000万只小白鼠;人类如果误食了这种外毒素污染的食品就会引起肉毒素中毒,发生
[Answer] There are two types of toxins, endotoxins and exotoxins. Endotoxin is present in the bacterial body, is the structural component of the bacteria themselves; bacteria in the state of life, not released, only when the bacteria died, the bacteria autolysis or release after release, such as Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentery and meningitis Diphtheria and so are produced endotoxin. Lipid A in endotoxins can cause a fever response and cause metabolic disturbances, vasomotor dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation and endotoxin or septic shock. Exotoxin is a pathogenic bacteria, in the growth and reproduction of a protein secreted in vitro, its molecular weight, strong toxicity, but not heat-resistant, heated to 100 ℃, after 10 ~ 20min can completely destroy their toxicity . Such as botulinum toxin produced by the crystalline products 1mg, can poison 20 million mice; human if eating this exotoxin contaminated food will cause botulism poisoning occurs